You may or may not know that the next London VMware Usergroup meeting is being held next Thursday 24th Sept. I will be in attendance and i will be looking forward to putting some faces to names, and of course a few beers afterwards.

Here is the info about the Usegroup meeting for anyone who doesn’t know about it.

Our meeting will be held at the Thames Suite, London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 33 Queen Street, London EC4R 1AP, +44 (0)20 7248 4444. The nearest tube station is Mansion House, location information is available here. Reception is from 1230 for a prompt 1pm start, to finish around 5pm.

To register your interest in attending,please send an email to alaricdavies at yahoo dot com with up to two named attendees from your organisation. If you do not receive a confirmation mail, please don’t just turn up since we will not be able to admit you to the meeting.

Here is a copy of the agenda:

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I’ve had numerous emails about this question which can be found in my VCP410 Practice Exam. So I think it’s time to sort this out once and for all.

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Now that the VCDX certification is widely available i have decided that i need to start improve my knowledge of Virtualisation systems and how they work for when i decide to take the plunge and attempt the exams. This area is my blog is primarily going to be used to write up my revision notes, a bit like what Jon has done on his 2VCP's Blog Duncan over at Yellow-Bricks has a great post which has a long list of Articles and Guides that he studied before taking his VCDX Design exam, so I'm going to follow his advice and start reading. Here is his current list taken from his post – "VCDX Design Exam, how to prepare?"

• VMbook – Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery
• Performance Characterization of VMFS and RDM Using a SAN
• Setup for Microsoft Clustering
• DRS Performance and Best Practices
• VMware Consolidated Backup Best Practices Guidelines and Considerations
• Virtual Machine Backup Guide
• VI3 Security Hardening
• Resource Management Guide
• SAN System Design and Deployment Guide
• Fibre Channel SAN Configuration Guide
• ESX Server Configuration Guide
• Configuring and Troubleshooting N-Port ID Virtualization
• How NPIV-Based LUN Access Works
• Requirements for using NPIV
• VMware Enterprise Administration Exam Blueprint v3.5
• VMware Design Exam Blueprint
• VCDX Storage Study Guide
• VCDX Networking Study Guide
• VCDX Tips
  

Well there is plenty there for me to get stuck into.. so lets get to it! Here is a couple of Online VCP Exams you can use to make sure your knowledge is still at a good level. If you can't pass these exams then maybe you shouldn't be aiming this high!

VMware Enterprise Administration Exam Blueprint Study Notes

Section 1 – Storage Objective 1.1 – Create and Administer VMFS datastores using advanced techniques. Knowledge

• Describe how to identify iSCSI, Fibre channel, SATA and NFS configurations using CLI commands and log entries
• Describe the VMFS file system – Metadata – Multi-access and locking – Extents – Tree structure and files – Applicability to clustered environment – Journaling
• Explain the process used to align VMFS partitions
• Explain the use cases for round-robin load balancing

Skills and Abilities

• Perform advanced multi-pathing configuration – Configure multi-pathing policy – Configure round-robin behavior using command-line tools – Manage active and inactive paths
• Verify SAN LUN accessibility
• Configure and use NPIV HBAs
• Manage VMFS file systems using command-line tools
• Configure NFS datastores using command-line tools
• Configure iSCSI hardware and software initiators using command-line tools

Tools

• VI client
• CLI – esxcfg-vmhbadevs – vdf – fdisk – vmkfstools

Objective 1.2 – Implement and manage complex data security and replication configurations. Knowledge

• Describe methods to secure access to virtual disks and related storage devices – Distributed Lock Handling
• Identify tools and steps necessary to manage replicated VMFS volumes – Resignaturing – Snapshot LUNs
• Understand how to configure physical storage adapter properties

Skills and Abilities

• Configure storage network segmentation – FC Zoning – iSCSI/NFS VLAN
• Configure LUN masking – Storage device – Host
• Configure iSCSI/NFS security options
• Use esxcfg-advcfg – Set Resignaturing and Snapshot LUN options – Set ESX Server host-side disk options
• Manage RDMs in a replicated environment – Virtual compatibility mode – Physical compatibility mode
• Use proc nodes to identify driver configuration and options
• Use esxcfg-module – Modify storage adapter settings – Identify and load/unload modules – Get module status

Tools

• VI client
• CLI – esxcfg-advcfg – esxcfg-module

Objective 1.3 – Troubleshoot Virtual Infrastructure storage components. Knowledge

• Identify storage related events and log entries
• Analyze storage events to determine related issues

Skills and Abilities

• Verify storage configuration using CLI, VI client and server log entries
• Troubleshoot storage connection issues using CLI , VI Client and logs – Rescan events – Failover events
• Interpret log entries for configuration validation and predictive analysis
• Troubleshoot file system errors using logs and CLI

Tools

• VI client
• CLI – vm-support script – esxcfg-*
• vmkfstools

Objective 1.4 – Implement and manage Storage VMotion. Knowledge

• Describe Storage VMotion operation
• Explain implementation process for Storage VMotion
• Identify Storage VMotion use cases
• Understand performance implications for Storage VMotion

Skills and Abilities

• Use Remote CLI to perform Storage VMotion operations – Interactive mode – Non-interactive mode
• Implement Storage VMotion based on various use cases – Migration of all virtual disks to target storage location – Migration of virtual disks to independent target storage locations

Tools

• Remote CLI

Section 2 – Networking Objective 2.1 – Install and configure Virtual Infrastructure networks. Knowledge

• Differentiate physical and virtual switch characteristics
• Create and modify virtual switches and virtual switch policies
• Enable advanced networking capabilities – TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO) – Jumbo Frames – NetQueue
• Identify and understand the impact of various routing protocols

Skills and Abilities

• Configure service console network using CLI
• Configure VLANs (virtual networks)
• Configure TSO and Jumbo Frames
• Enable Cisco Discovery Protocol
• Use CLI commands to modify virtual network configuration

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-nics – esxcfg-vswitch – esxcfg-vmknic
• VI client

Objective 2.2 – Install and configure a virtual networking infrastructure to meet set security design requirements. Knowledge

• Understand network segmentation benefits and best practices – Isolation of Service Console traffic – Isolation of VMkernel traffic
• Define common network security risks and explain their impact to a virtual network infrastructure
• Describe and configure virtual switch security policies

Skills and Abilities

• Configure VLANs
• Set virtual networking security attributes – Forged Transmits – Promiscuous Mode – MAC Address Changes – VLAN configuration
• Configure switch notification

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-vswitch – esxcfg-vswif – esxcfg-vmknic
• VI client

Objective 2.3 – Administer advanced VMkernel networking configurations. Knowledge

• Define configuration options for VMkernel ports – Peer DNS – MTU – TSO
• Understand VMkernel routing
• Troubleshoot VMkernel configuration issues

Skills and Abilities

• Add and remove VMkernel ports
• Enable/Disable VMkernel ports
• Configure the VMkernel routing table

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-vmknic – esxcfg-route
• VI client

Objective 2.4 – Manage Failover and Failure Detection Knowledge

• Describe how to map port groups to physical NICs
• Understand failover order for physical NICs and attached port groups
• Explain options for detecting link failures
• Troubleshoot failover operations

Skills and Abilities

• Use CLI commands to manage uplinks
• Configure failover order – Active Adapters – Standby Adapters – Unused Adapters – NIC promotion
• Configure beacon probing
• Configure reverse teaming
• Set advanced network failover options – Failover detection – Failback – Link state tracking

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-vswitch
• VI Client

Objective 2.5 – Administer advanced Service Console networking configurations. Knowledge

• Define configuration options for VMkernel ports – Peer DNS – MTU – TSO
• Understand VMkernel routing
• Troubleshoot VMkernel configuration issues

Skills and Abilities

• Inspect Service Console network configuration
• Enable/Disable vswif interface
• Configure advanced service console networking – Redundant HA heartbeat – Packet tracing – CHAP authentication for iSCSI
• Configure hostname resolution – /etc/hosts – /etc/nsswitch.conf – /etc/resolv.conf
• Monitor traffic over a Virtual Switch – Bandwidth – Dropped packets
• Identify and resolve network issues using network monitoring tools – tcpdump – Snoop

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-vswif – dig – netstat – route – nslookup – hostname – vmknic – esxcfg-route
• VI client

Objective 2.6 – Manage Service Console firewall configurations. Knowledge

• Understand firewall rules
• Explain the use of services in a firewall configuration
• Identify which ports must be open in a virtual infrastructure firewall configuration

Skills and Abilities

• Configure ESX Server firewall settings
• Open and close ports
• Monitor firewall logs

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-firewall
• VI client

Objective 2.7 – Administer complex iSCSI configurations. Knowledge

• Understand how iSCSI is used with the VMkernel
• Identify iSCSI features and limitations
• Design an iSCSI solution

Skills and Abilities

• Configure the ESX Server iSCSI software initiator
• Open the related firewall ports for iSCSI – Manage iSCSI initiator settings
• Discovery
• CHAP authentication

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-swiscsi – vmkiscsi-tool – esxcfg-rescan – esxcfg-firewall
• VI client

Section 3 – DRS Clusters and Performance Monitoring Objective 3.1 – Create and administer complex DRS clusters. Knowledge

• Demonstrate the use or resource pools and child pools with DRS clusters
• Understand how to monitor DRS cluster performance and resource utilization within the cluster
• Explain best practices for DRS cluster design
• Understand performance considerations for DRS clusters

Skills and Abilities

• Deploy complex resource pools – Utilize best practice guidelines – Configure expandable reservations where applicable
• Deploy a complex DRS cluster – Ensure optimal use of Maintenance Mode – Configure appropriate threshold settings
• Implement Distributed Power Management within a DRS cluster
• Monitor DRS clusters – Cluster performance – Resource utilization – Troubleshooting

Tools

• VI client

Objective 3.2 – Demonstrate advanced performance analysis techniques. Knowledge

• Demonstrate the use of various performance tools
• Understand configuration options for performance data collection – line graphs vs. stacked graphs – real-time vs. historical metrics – statistics collection levels
• Use performance information to troubleshoot and resolve: – CPU Utilization issues – Memory utilization issues – Disk utilization issues
• Network utilization issues

Skills and Abilities

• Use esxtop to monitor the health of the ESX Server
• Use vm-support to capture performance snapshots of the ESX Server
• Use guest OS performance analysis tools to determine performance characteristics within the virtual machine
• Generate reports and collate data from VirtualCenter – Alarms – Resource utilization – Performance – Topology Maps
• Diagnose resource utilization issues – CPU ready time/wait time – Memory ballooned/swapped – Disk queue depth/locking – Network dropped packets/

Tools

• CLI – esxtop – vm-support
• VI Client – Performance graphs – VirtualCenter management server configuration

Section 4 – Business Continuity and Data Protection Objective 4.1 – Configure Virtual Machine Clustering. Knowledge

• Explain the different methods of clustering virtual machines – Cluster in a box – Cluster across boxes – Physical to Virtual clustering (N+1 clusters)
• Describe how shared storage is configured with clustering
• Understand HBA configuration options

Skills and Abilities

• Configure bus sharing options – Physical – Virtual
• Configure Raw Device Mappings (RDMs) – Pass-through – Non pass-through
• Configure HBA options – Queue depth – Device/LUN Reset – Timeout value

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-advcfg – esxcfg-module
• VI client

Objective 4.2 – Configure advanced HA deployments Knowledge

• Describe guidelines for restart priority and isolation response.
• Explain how to customize a typical HA deployment
• Understand HA communication (heartbeat)
• Detail impact of DRS affinity rules on an HA cluster
• Describe troubleshooting techniques
• Explain best practices for HA deployment

Skills and Abilities

• Configure restart priority and isolation response – Cluster-wide setting – Individual VM override settings
• Configure advanced HA options – Failure detection time – Redundant isolation address settings – Default failover host
• Configure physical switch settings to support HA
• Troubleshoot HA deployments – Failover capacity – Examine log entries – Correct network issues

Tools

• CLI – esxcfg-advcfg – hostname –s
• VI Client

Objective 4.3 – Configure and Administer VMware Consolidated Backup (VCB) Knowledge

• Explain VCB capabilities, limitations and best practices
• Describe how snapshots are created
• Understand differences between file-level and full VM backups
• Detail what files are part of a full VM backup
• Explain how to integrate VCB with – Third-party backup software – Multipathing software – VirtualCenter – VMFS Storage
• Explain VMware Converter based restores
• Describe common VCB log files

Skills and Abilities

• Verify sizing of VCB holding tanks based on full VM backup requirements
• Perform integration tests – VCB to VirtualCenter – VCB to Third-party backup software – VCB to VMFS Storage
• Analyze VCB logs to verify functionality
• Use VCB command line tools to verify and troubleshoot VCB deployments
• Review multipathing configuration
• Run performance tests to determine optimal VCB deployment
• Configure a VCB backup role into VirtualCenter

Tools

• CLI – vcbVmName – vcbSnapshot – vcbMounter – vcbExport – mountvm – vcbRestore – vcbUtil
• VI client
• VMware Converter

Section 5 – Operational Maintenance Objective 5.1 – VMware Update Manager Knowledge

• Describe Update Manager capabilities
• Explain VUM architecture and components
• Describe DRS-enabled remediation

Skills and Abilities

• Install and Configure Update Manager – VUM Server – VUM Agents – VUM Download Server – VI Client plug-in
• Perform Update Manager tasks – Establish baselines (Fixed & Dynamic) – Manage and attach baselines – Schedule and perform scans – Interpret scan status and compliancy – Schedule and perform remediation – Rollback

Troubleshoot remediation failures

Tools

• VI client
• CLI – vmware-umds

Section 6 – Logging Objective 6.1 – Configure VirtualCenter log behavior Knowledge

• Identify location of VirtualCenter related log files
• Describe options for customizing VirtualCenter log behavior
• Describe options for customizing VI Client log behavior
• Explain default log file characteristics
• Understand log file collection methods

Skills and Abilities

• Modify VirtualCenter Server log configuration
• Modify VirtualCenter Agent log configuration
• Export VirtualCenter logs

Tools

• VI client
• CLI

Objective 6.2 – Configure Service Console log behavior Knowledge

• Describe Service Console log consolidation
• Identify location of Service Console related log files
• Describe options for customizing Service Console log behavior
• Explain default log file characteristics
• Understand log file collection methods
• Define additional third-party log files located on the Service Console

Skills and Abilities

• Configure Service Console log file rotation
• Modify VC Server log configuration
• Modify VC Agent log configuration
• Export VC logs

Tools

• CLI – syslogd – logger

Section 7 – ESX Server Security Objective 7.1 – Configure secure remote access. Knowledge

• Explain how to prevent remote root login
• Describe the process to allow selected users remote access capabilities
• Understand authentication process and options
• Describe SSH implementation
• Understand how user access is tracked and logged
• Explain the use of TCP wrappers to restrict access from specific hosts/addresses

Skills and Abilities

• Enable/Disable root SSH login
• Modify the default settings to allow both incoming and outgoing SSH traffic
• Create ESX Server user accounts and assign group memberships – Command Line – VI client
• Configure SSH – AllowUsers/DenyUsers – Banner
• Define VI Client roles and user and group assignments
• Use Service Console commands to track user access
• Use esxcfg-auth to modify authentication settings – Preferred authentication method – Login attempts – Password aging
• Configure TCP wrappers – hosts.allow/hosts.deny

Tools

• CLI – vmware-authd – esxcfg-auth – who – w – last – fuser

Objective 7.2 – Delegate administrative privileges Knowledge

• Explain how to restrict access to administrative functions
• Describe the process to restrict access to specific administrative commands
• Understand how attempts to use administrative functions can be logged

Skills and Abilities

• Switch from a standard user account to root
• Enable the use of the wheel group
• Configure sudo – Users/Groups – Hosts – Commands – Aliases

Tools

• CLI – visudo – su – sudo – which

Section 8 – Rapid Provisioning Objective 8.1 – ESX Server Scripted Installation Knowledge

• Explain the usage of the Scripted Installation wizard
• Describe the various methods of automated deployment – CD Rom – HTTP/FTP – NFS
• Define the directives contained in the installation script

Skills and Abilities

• Set up hardware and various connections – Boot from SAN – Layout of local drives in various raid configurations
• Create an install script and verify the following sections – Command – %packages – %pre – %post – %vmlicense_text
• Configure Service Console components of an ESX server – Network Time Protocol (NTP) – DNS – SNMP
• Install supported third party agents according to the design plan

Tools

• VI client
• CLI

What is VMware VMDirectPath I/O?

VMDirectPath allows guest operating systems to directly access an I/O device, bypassing the virtualization layer. This direct path, or passthrough can improve performance for VMware ESX systems that utilize high-speed I/O devices, such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet. A single VM can connect to up to two passthrough devices.

VMDirectPath I/O is experimentally supported for the following Storage and Network I/O devices:

• QLogic QLA25xx 8 Gb Fibre Channel adapters
• Emulex LPe12000 8 Gb Fibre Channel adapters
• LSI 3442e-R and 3801e (1068 chip based) 3 Gb SAS adapters
• Intel 82598 10 Gigabit Ethernet controller
• Broadcom 57710 and 57711 10 Gigabit Ethernet controllers

VMware regularly adds support for new hardware. Check your hardware’s support at the VMware Hardware Compatibility Guide portal.

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Whilst revising for the VCP4 Beta Exam and also replying to a thread on the VMTN Forum, I’ve come across a couple of instances where there is a lack of “using NPIV in VMware ESX 4” information. The only good post I can find is Jason Boche‘s post; N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) and VMware Virtual Infrastructure, but his post is written and tested using ESX3.5. So I have decided to find out as much information as I can and post it here.

Definition: NPIV stands for N_Port (Node Port) ID Virtualization

What does NPIV do? NPIV is a useful Fibre Channel feature which allows a physical HBA (Host BUS Adapter) to have multiple Node Ports. Normally, a physical HBA would have only 1 N_Port ID. The use of NPIV enables you to have multiple unique N_Port ID’s per physical HBA. NPIV can be used by ESX4 to allow more Fibre Channel connections than the maximum physical allowance which is currently 8 HBA’s per Host or 16 HBA Ports per Host.   See the image above for a graphical representation of NPIV.

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Based on your feedback Alan Renouf has announced the first Unofficial Online VMware User Group.

The Agenda at the moment is as follows:

• Introduction
• Presentation and Demonstration of The Virtualization EcoShell Initiative by Scott Herold
• Virtual Coffee break (bring your own coffee)
• Overview and Demonstration of vSphere new features by a VMware Employee
• Finish and details of next Unofficial Online VMUG

Read the rest of this entry »

UPDATE IN PROGRESS

Due to the release of vSphere v4.1 I have started to change some of the links on the exam blueprint to point to the v4.1 documentation. This is a work in progress, which I hope to have finished soon.

For those of you who don't know anything about the VCP exam have a look below for some further information.

• VMware Certified Professional 

Useful Links for VCP studying

• Scott Vessey's VMware Training Blog – Scott is a VCI and regularly post useful exam information
• Mastering VMware vSphere – By Scott Lowe (US Supplier)
• What's New in VMware vSphere 4: Performance Enhancements
• VMware vSphere 4.1 – Configuration Maximums
• VMware vSphere 4.1 Exam Blueprint Download
• VMware vSphere 4.1 Documentation – Very useful documents here!
• vSphere 4.1 Reference Card – Forbes Guthrie
• vSphere VCP4 Brown Bag Study Group – Cody Bunch

VCP4 Practice Exams

I have produced 4 practice exam's to help me learn the latest features and configuration maximums available VMware vSphere 4.1 Please feel free to use it as much as you like. If you think an answer to a question is incorrect or you would like to contribute some questions to the exam please feel free to Contact Me. If you want to be notified whenever questions are added to the practice exam Follow Me on Twitter.

I have just sumbled across “TWO” really easy to understand video thanks to Mike D Petrillo’s Blog and @HighTechDad on Twitter. I’m starting to hear more and more people talking about the Cloud and i’m finding that a lot people are not really exactly sure what “Cloud Computing” is.

Now that the VCDX certification is widely available i have decided that i need to start improve my knowledge of Virtualisation systems and how they work for when i decide to take the plunge and attempt the exams.

This area is my blog is primarily going to be used to write up my revision notes, a bit like what Jon has done on his 2VCP’s Blog

Duncan over at Yellow-Bricks has a great post which has a long list of Articles and Guides that he studied before taking his VCDX Design exam, so I’m going to follow his advice and start reading.

Here is his current list taken from his post – “VCDX Design Exam, how to prepare?”

• VMbook – Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery
• Performance Characterization of VMFS and RDM Using a SAN
• Setup for Microsoft Clustering
• DRS Performance and Best Practices
• VMware Consolidated Backup Best Practices Guidelines and Considerations
• Virtual Machine Backup Guide
• VI3 Security Hardening
• Resource Management Guide
• SAN System Design and Deployment Guide
• Fibre Channel SAN Configuration Guide
• ESX Server Configuration Guide
• Configuring and Troubleshooting N-Port ID Virtualization
• How NPIV-Based LUN Access Works
• Requirements for using NPIV
• VMware Enterprise Administration Exam Blueprint v3.5
• VMware Design Exam Blueprint

Well there is plenty there for me to get stuck into.. so lets get to it!

Update: Here is a couple of Online VCP Exams you can use to make sure your knowledge is still at a good level. If you can’t pass these exams then maybe you shouldn’t be aiming this high!

Welcome to The SLOG! It’s a technical Blog created by me,  Simon Long (VCDX #105, DCV & DTM) (LinkedIn). The main focus of this blog is based on Cloud technologies, but it will include other technology-related news/information and anything else I find interesting and feel the need to share with you. Occasionally I might even post a rant or an opinion on something I feel strongly about. It’s not just all about facts!

I also use this Blog as both a place to store useful information that I think that will come in handy for me at some point in the future and also a place to help aid my learning. I find a great way to learn about something is to research about it and then write it up in my own words.

A little about me:  I’m Simon Long (VCDX #105), 39 from Norwich, England (Currently living in Silicon Valley, CA, USA). I am currently working as a VMware Engine Engineer at Google Cloud. I have been working in IT for 20 years, in which I now focus predominantly on Cloud technologies, and more specifically the Google Cloud VMware Engine service. I’m am the creator of The VCDX Podcast. A podcast focused on the VCDX certification with, news, updates, tips, and guest interviews.

I’m a regular Twitter user, feel free to follow me to hear some of my day-to-day thoughts. IT aside, I play many sports, enjoy keeping fit by Mountain Biking, Hiking, and running. I’m also often quite partial to the odd drink or two with friends… But never on a school night!! I’m known worldwide for my love of Pink Shirts, hence the colour scheme of The SLOG.

Here some of the ways you can follow The SLOG:

• The SLOG Facebook Page
• My Twitter Feed
• Subscribe to my RSS Feed

My VMworld Sessions

Over the past years, I have been presenting at VMworld. Below you can find some links to my session recordings. (Some recordings will require a VMworld Account)

VMworld 2021

• Migrate Your VMware Workloads to the Cloud? Let Me Google That for You
• Google Cloud VMware Engine in Action: Migrate and Operate

VMworld 2019

• Failproof, On-demand DR with VMware Cloud on AWS

VMworld 2018

• Harnessing The vCommunity To Further Your Career

VMworld 2017

• Hacking Public Speaking
• The Secret Sauce Behind VMware’s Internal VMware Horizon Desktop Deployments
• Automating Horizon Deployments with VMware Cloud Foundation

VMworld 2016

• Automating Virtual Desktop Deployments with VMware Cloud Foundation
• Architecting VSAN for Horizon the VCDX Way

VMworld 2015

• Architecting Horizon for Virtual SAN, the VCDX way

VMworld 2014

• What’s New with View and PCoIP in Horizon 6

VMworld 2013

• PCoIP: Sizing For Success

VMworld 2012

• Real-World Lessons Learned Designing, Deploying and Managing View in Hertz (pdf | mp3)

Disclaimer

The views expressed here are my own. I am solely responsible for all content produced here. No information provided here was reviewed by or endorsed by Google.